Intermediate Guide

Airport Layouts Explained

Learn to spot runways, terminals, and major international hubs from space.

💡 Pro Tip: Look for "Signature Moves". If you see two parallel runways stretching endlessly into a desert, check for Dubai or other Middle Eastern hubs. If you see runways crossing in a star shape, think Europe or older US airports.

1. Anatomy of an Airport

Before identifying specific airports, you need to know what you're looking at. Airports have massive footprints visible from high orbits.

Runways (The Lines)

Long, straight, dark or light grey strips. They have numbers painted on the ends (e.g., 09/27). Major international hubs usually have at least two lengthy parallel runways.

Terminals (The Buildings)

Cluster of buildings where aircraft park. Look for "piers" or "arms" sticking out with airplanes (white dots) parked around them.

2. Terminal Types: The Clues

The shape of the terminal is often the biggest giveaway for identifying a specific airport.

The Satellite Pattern

Main check-in building connected to separate "satellite" buildings (often by underground train).
Examples: Atlanta (ATL), Madrid (MAD T4S).

The Pier Pattern

One long main building with finger-like piers sticking out.
Examples: Hong Kong (HKG), Amsterdam (AMS).

The Semi-Circle

Curved terminals designed to allow cars to drive up to gates (an older idea).
Examples: Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW), Paris (CDG T1).

3. Detective Strategy: The Star vs The Parallel

Use runway orientation to rule out options immediately.

Major international airport from satellite showing multiple parallel runways extensive terminal complex and connecting taxiways

4. Terminal Architecture Patterns

Terminal design reveals airport size and era of construction.

Linear Terminals

Single long building with gates on both sides (older design). Examples: JFK Terminal 4, older sections of Heathrow. Efficient but limits gate count.

Satellite/Pier Terminals

Central terminal with fingers extending outward (modern design). Examples: Chicago O'Hare, Atlanta, Dubai. Maximizes gates while keeping walking distances manageable.

Midfield Terminals

Terminal buildings separate from main structure, connected by automated trains. Ultra-modern hubs: Munich, Kuala Lumpur. Visible as circular or geometric buildings islands between runways.

5. Hub vs Regional Airport Differences

Major international hubs have telltale features at orbital level.

6. Military vs Civil Airports

Military bases have distinct features that distinguish them from commercial airports.

âš”ī¸ Military Airport Clues:

Hangars: Massive rectangular buildings with curved roofs (aircraft storage). Civil airports have smaller, scattered maintenance hangars.

Aircraft Parking: Fighter jets park in neat rows (tiny from space). Commercial planes park at gates.

Revetments: Protected concrete shelters for military aircraft (look like U-shapes or half-circles). Never seen at civil airports.

Perimeter: Military bases show extensive security fencing, often with visible patrol roads.

Ready for takeoff?

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