Presets only set the land colouring — every layer stays independently switchable.

How much of the ground shows through what is drawn over it — water, roads, bridges. 0 is flat colour on top of the map; higher sinks each layer into the terrain.

Biomes generate from the seed. Painting overrides them; Natural paints the generated biome back. Strokes are stored with the world and reapplied if the terrain changes.

Every dial is per city: what you set with the city tool out is stamped onto the next city you place, and a selected city's dials reshape just that city, live. A city always claims its full area (population ÷ density): terrain, water and borders decide where that ground is, not how much — blocked growth comes out somewhere else.

Clear by type

Drag to draw a path by hand, or click one city then another to route across the terrain — the route follows contours and avoids ranges, marsh and river crossings. You can also start or end a route on an existing road, which splits it into a junction. Crossings over rivers, lakes and short straits draw as bridges — nothing can span more than 10 miles of open water. Routing prefers ground that already carries this mode; Construction expense is how hard it tries (high = hug existing routes, avoid tunnels). Railways hate gradients and will pay for a tunnel when the detour costs more than the bore. High-speed rail goes further: turning itself costs money, so it holds straight stretches and gentle sweeps — and buys cheap tunnels and viaducts (bridges over low ground) to stay level. Routes between two cities of the same nation lean strongly toward home ground.

Tidy smooths every border at once as a single map, so neighbours stay in agreement — no gaps or overlaps. With snapping on it also pulls boundaries onto ridgelines and rivers.

Low = a tight local dent. High = the border behaves like string, so a long stretch either side follows the shove.

Declare a war, then click nations on the map to pick the belligerents (two or more), and press the button again to confirm. Borders between nations at war draw red automatically. With "push only inside warzones" on, the push tool moves only borders between belligerents — neutral neighbours hold.

A drawn front line is a free line — it does not have to sit on a border. Front lines move with the push tool alongside warzones.

Auto-fill grows nations outward from scattered capitals, spreading only across land and stopping at coastlines — so borders follow real geography. Replaces the current nations.

Draw borders by hand with the border tool; erase claims with the eraser. Borders may cross water to enclose islands, but only land is ever owned.